SKY
Sky (formerly MakerDAO) · Stablecoin issuer (USDS and DAI, Spark and Grove allocators)
Score qualifies for T2; held by Distribution 0 (needs 1).
Key facts
- Circulating 23.43B, 100%
- Max 23.46B
Market data: CoinGecko, Oct 24, 2026. Scores reviewed Oct 23, 2026.
Assessment
Sky has the clearest revenue engine among the stablecoin governance tokens: about $160M a year of net revenue on ~$11.4B of USDS and DAI, and a working mechanism that converts a governance-set share of it, ~44% at the current rate, into USDS and SKY paid to the ~74% of supply that is staked. The weak points are that every part of it is policy: the March 2026 cut showed governance will divert the flow to reserves (still $82.4M against a $150M target at Jun 30, 2026), bought SKY is held and re-vested rather than burned, and buybacks run on new system debt while the vow's surplus is negative. Supply is disciplined in practice (no mint since Jun 2025, supply back at the MKR equivalent after a Jun 2025 treasury burn), but SKY holders can mint, upgrade the stablecoin and redirect revenue after a 48-hour delay, and two delegates hold 64.4% of delegated voting power. Genesis was a founder and foundation distribution with VC sales and no public sale, so distribution stays at the floor despite ten years of trading. Net revenue after savings costs fell ~48% between Q3 2025 and Q3 2026 as the savings rate and spread were cut, so the engine is real but not growing.
How value reaches holders
Paid to stakers by governance policy, not burned. Since the Aug 13, 2026 executive, the Smart Burn Engine splitter takes a 6,000 USDS kick every 2,693 seconds (~192.5K USDS/day, ~$70M/yr after the Oct 8 spell): 45% is streamed as USDS to SKY stakers who choose the USDS farm, and 55% buys SKY on Uniswap into the Pause Proxy (the governance treasury, not a burn address). The treasury pays SKY back to stakers who choose the SKY farm through 90-day vests (99.5M SKY from Oct 12, 2026 to Jan 10, 2027, ~1.1M SKY/day) and burns part of the remainder at each monthly settlement (2.86M SKY on Sep 13 and 7.37M on Oct 12, 2026). Over the trailing year the engine bought 795M SKY while the treasury vested ~1.33B SKY to stakers, drawing down earlier buybacks; DefiLlama counts ~$57M of holder revenue, ~29% of $196M revenue after savings costs. Governance cut the flow 87.5% on Mar 12, 2026 (~300K to ~37.6K USDS/day, all to buybacks) to rebuild reserves, restored it to ~138K/day in August and raised it in September and October. A 4-of-6 operator Safe (SBE BEAM) can retune it within bounds (kbump up to 12,000 USDS, hop at least 550 seconds, at most 350M USDS/yr). Each kick is new system debt (vat.suck) and is allowed while the vow's surplus stays above -200M USDS; it read about -47.8M on Oct 23, 2026. MKR upgrades at 24,000 SKY per MKR minus a Delayed Upgrade Penalty of 5% (1% from Sep 2025, plus 1 point per quarter)
Score anatomy
Demand
30 / 45: the stronger of two routes, plus adoptionWhy would anyone hold it: does value reach the token, and is the network or product used today?
The splitter sends ~192.5K USDS/day (~$70M/yr, ~44% of run-rate revenue) to stakers: 45% as USDS, 55% as bought SKY held by the Pause Proxy and re-vested; governance cut it 87.5% from Mar to Aug 2026
Policy-set material share (25%+), or plumbing at 25-50%medium confidenceHow this is scored
$196M of revenue after savings costs over the trailing year (DefiLlama, Oct 22, 2026), ~$160M/yr run-rate; Sky reported $159.6M of net protocol revenue for the year to Jun 30, 2026
$100M-1B/yrhigh confidenceHow this is scored
Staking and borrowing inside Sky only (margin in its own protocol): $160.7M of USDS borrowed against staked SKY in the Staking Engine; no material SKY collateral found at third-party venues
Trading onlymedium confidenceHow this is scored
USDS plus DAI supply $11.5B, +10% YoY in a flat $303B market, the #3 stablecoin family after USDT and USDC; Sky fees $390M TTM
Leader: a top-three network or product in its category by use, holding or gaining sharehigh confidenceHow this is scored
Two routes, the stronger counts
Soundness
21 / 40Can a long-term holder trust the rules: supply, float, distribution and control?
Zero issuance: no SKY minted since Jun 2, 2025 and 10.2M burned in Sep-Oct 2026; minting is reachable only by an executive vote of SKY holders through the Pause Proxy, after a 48h delay
Under 1%/yr net without a hard cap, a hard cap with halvings issuing 1-3%/yr, or zero issuance where binding on-chain token governance could vote to mint morehigh confidenceHow this is scored
~100% liquid with no insider vesting; 2.03B SKY (8.6%) sits in the converter for 82,802 unconverted MKR, and the only schedule is a treasury vest paying bought-back SKY to stakers (~1.1M/day)
Fully vested, no scheduled unlockshigh confidenceHow this is scored
MKR's 1M supply was created and sold by the founder and Maker Foundation with no public sale or airdrop (a16z bought 6% for $15M in 2018); no organization directs over 3% today
Insiders received over 50%, or one organization directs over 30% todaymedium confidenceHow this is scored
Executive votes can upgrade USDS and core contracts and redirect revenue after a 48h GSM delay; two delegates hold 64.4% of delegated SKY and six hold 97.4% (Oct 2, 2026); ESM disabled
Attack cost $10-100M, an unexploited soundness bug in the last 24 months, or upgrades by a security council or governance with under a 7-day exit windowhigh confidenceHow this is scored
Durability
9 / 15Is it big, proven and reachable by institutions?
$1.7B market cap (band 4), $15.7M/day median volume (band 3), no flags.
Mid-cap: $250M-1B market cap and $10M/day+How this is scored
MKR has traded on its current contract since Nov 2017 (first issued 2015) and survived 80%+ drawdowns in 2018-20 and 2021-22; SKY is a 2024 redenomination and no core exploit reached $50M
8-10 years and two such cyclesmedium confidenceHow this is scored
Spot on Coinbase, Kraken and Binance; no US ETF or filing; the Grayscale MakerDao Trust is a 2024 private placement (Form D) and NYSE American-listed SDEV holds ~2.29B SKY
OTC trust, non-US product, or a pending US filinglow confidenceHow this is scored
What would move it up
To reach T2 Strong, one gate is still open:
- Distribution 0needs 1(open)
- Score 60gate 55(met)
- Value engine 3gate 3(met)
- Adoption 4gate 3(met)
- Supply 4gate 2(met)
- Security 2gate 2(met)
- Float and unlocks 5gate 1(met)
- Scale 3gate 3(met)
Tier outlook · next trigger Jan 10, 2027
Two-waymedium likelihood
- Splitter rate changes by executive or by the 4-of-6 SBE BEAM operator Safe (kbump, hop) and any cut toward the March 2026 level
- Reserve fill vs the $150M target ($82.4M at Jun 30, 2026) and the vow's surplus vs the Kicker's -200M USDS floor (about -47.8M on Oct 23, 2026)
- Share of bought SKY burned rather than re-vested to stakers at each monthly settlement; the current SKY-farm vest ends Jan 10, 2027
- Any SKY mint by executive vote or a new mintable reward vest; delegate concentration (two delegates at 64.4%)
- Net revenue after savings costs vs ~$160M/yr (down ~48% from Q3 2025 to Q3 2026) and USDS plus DAI supply (~$11.4B on Oct 23, 2026)
Research report
Oct 23, 2026 · source confidence 80%Sky is the successor to MakerDAO and issues the USDS and DAI stablecoins, about $11.4 billion combined on Ethereum in October 2026. SKY replaced MKR at 24,000 SKY per MKR; about 91.5% of MKR has been converted, and late conversions now lose 5%, a penalty that has risen one point each quarter since September 2025. The protocol earns real income: about $196 million over the trailing year after paying its savings rate, on DefiLlama figures, though that figure has been falling as rates were cut. A governance-set share reaches stakers. Since August 2026 the Smart Burn Engine directs about 192,000 USDS a day toward SKY holders: 45% is paid to stakers in USDS, and 55% buys SKY on the market, which the treasury holds and pays back to stakers over 90-day schedules, burning a small remainder. About 74% of all SKY is staked. The flow is policy rather than code: governance cut it by about 87.5% in March 2026 to rebuild reserves, then restored and raised it from August. No SKY has been minted since June 2025, but token governance can mint, upgrade the stablecoin contracts and redirect revenue after a 48-hour delay, and two delegates hold about 64% of delegated voting power. MKR itself was distributed through founder and foundation sales rather than a public sale.
Structure (22 facts)
- Chain
- Ethereum. SKY 0x5607...9279 is a non-upgradeable ward-based token (no EIP-1967 proxy, 4,852-byte runtime); MKR 0x9f8f...79a2 (DSToken, Nov 2017) is retired from governance (May 2025)
- What it is
- governance token of a decentralized stablecoin issuer (USDS and legacy DAI) with Prime Agents (Spark, Grove, Obex, Keel, Skybase, Osero, Pattern and others) deploying reserves through allocator vaults
- Mkr history
- MKR: 1,000,000 created by the Maker founder and Maker Foundation (first token 2015, current contract 2017); 1,005,577 peak after the Mar 2020 Black Thursday debt auctions; reduced by Smart Burn Engine and flap burns to 977,631 MKR by Sep 2024. Sky launched Sep 2024 with 1 MKR = 24,000 SKY; MKR governance retired May 2025 (SDEV S-3/A). On Oct 23, 2026 82,801.6 MKR remained unconverted (91.5% converted), equal to 1.987B SKY before the penalty
- Delayed upgrade penalty
- set to 1% in the Sep 18, 2025 executive (live from Sep 22, 2025), plus 1 percentage point every three months: 3% to 4% in the Jun 4, 2026 spell, 4% to 5% in the Sep 10, 2026 spell (executed Sep 13); MkrSky fee() reads 5% on-chain. Next step implied for ~Dec 2026 (6%); a forum author suggests treating remaining MKR as lost at ~10%. Converter rate() 24,000, take() 39.8M SKY of penalty retained
- Supply
- totalSupply 23,452,431,915.6 SKY (block 26,255,553, Oct 23, 2026), of which 2,027,057,191 SKY is pre-funded in the MKR converter. History: farm mints of 403.7M SKY (Sep 10, 2024 to Jun 2, 2025, DssVestMintable) were offset by a Jun 30, 2025 spell that burned 426.3M SKY from the Pause Proxy, leaving supply at 23,462,665,147 (the Sep 2024 MKR equivalent) until Sep 2026; 10.23M SKY burned since (Sep 13 and Oct 12, 2026). No mint events from Oct 2025 to Oct 23, 2026
- Mint authority
- SKY wards: the Pause Proxy (governance, executes spells after the 48h GSM delay) and MCD_VEST_SKY (mintable vest, both awards finished Jun 2025; new awards need governance). The MKR converter has no mint right. No hard cap in code; the CoinGecko max of 23.46B is the Jun 2025 level, not a limit
- Smart burn engine
- Kicker 0xD889...c1Fc: flap() requires vat.dai(vow) >= vat.sin(vow) + kbump + khump, then vat.suck(vow, kicker, kbump) and splitter.kick. kbump 6,000 USDS, khump -200,000,000 USDS. Splitter 0xBF71...2bCF: burn 55% to the Flapper (FlapperUniV2SwapOnly, receiver = Pause Proxy), 45% to the LSSKY to USDS farm; hop 2,693 s (Oct 8, 2026 spell), so ~32 kicks and ~192.5K USDS/day. Hop path: 13,787 s with burn 100% (Mar to Aug 2026, ~37.6K/day), 3,748 s and burn 55% (Aug 13 spell, ~138K/day), 2,504 s (Sep 10, ~207K/day), 2,693 s (Oct 8). Vow on Oct 23, 2026: dai 687.7M, sin 735.5M, net about -47.8M USDS
- Sbe beam
- SBE BEAM 0xc8b6...49a9 (Aug 13, 2026 executive): operator Safe 0x8692...1330 is 4-of-6 and can change kbump and hop within maxKbump 12,000 USDS, minHop 550 s, maxRate 350M USDS/yr, 30-minute cooldown, without an executive vote
- Staking
- Staking Engine (LockstakeEngine 0xCe01...A6a3): 17.41B lsSKY (74.2% of supply) on Oct 23, 2026; 8.62B choose USDS rewards (~86.6K USDS/day, ~5.1% APR) and 8.76B choose SKY rewards (12.83 SKY/s, ~1.11M SKY/day, ~4.6% APR) paid from the treasury vest (MCD_VEST_SKY_TREASURY award 18: 99,525,882 SKY, Oct 12, 2026 to Jan 10, 2027). SKY rewards for USDS savers and SPK rewards for stakers ended in Jan 2026. Stakers can borrow USDS: LSEV2-SKY-A debt 160.7M USDS at 6.45% (line 179.2M, funded by stUSDS)
- Buybacks trailing year
- 795.1M SKY bought into the Pause Proxy from Oct 22, 2025 to Oct 23, 2026 (Uniswap V2 pair to Pause Proxy transfers, read on-chain), ~116-156M SKY/month before the Mar 2026 cut, 14-20M/month during it, 35-42M/month in Aug-Sep 2026. Treasury vests paid ~1.33B SKY to stakers over the same window (net drawdown of earlier buybacks); Pause Proxy holds 26.2M SKY now
- Revenue
- DefiLlama sky-lending (Oct 22, 2026): fees $387M trailing year; revenue after savings costs $196M trailing year, $40.2M last 90 days, $13.0M last 30 days; holder revenue $57.0M trailing year, $5.6M last 30 days. Quarterly revenue after savings costs: Q3 2025 $79.8M, Q4 2025 $68.3M, Q1 2026 $52.3M, Q2 2026 $42.6M, Q3 2026 $41.8M. Sky's own reporting (via Sagix, Sep 2026): net protocol revenue $159.63M for the year to Jun 30, 2026, Q2 net surplus $33.29M
- Stablecoins
- on-chain Oct 23, 2026: USDS 6.857B, DAI 4.539B; sUSDS 4.886B at a 3.80% Sky Savings Rate; stUSDS 179M
- Reserves
- governance cut buybacks 87.5% on Mar 12, 2026 to build a $150M reserve (Rune Christensen cited an expected oil shock); reserves $82.4M at Jun 30, 2026. S&P Global rated Sky B- (Aug 2025). Stage 2 policy (Aug 2026): staking rewards funded from revenue rather than treasury stock
- Governance
- DSChief 0x929d...a6f9 with SKY as gov; hat (Oct 8, 2026 spell) holds 6.97B SKY of approvals; 7.154B SKY sits in the chief, essentially all via 85 delegates (9 aligned): Tango 2.46B and cloaky 2.14B (64.4% together), BLUE 1.71B, Bonapublica 0.49B. SDEV's S-3/A: six Ranked Delegates held ~97.4% of delegated power on Oct 2, 2026. GSM pause delay raised from 24h to 48h by the May 7, 2026 executive (pause.delay() = 172,800). Emergency mom contracts can stop the splitter and other modules without the delay; the ESM threshold is set to the maximum value (disabled)
- Upgradeability
- USDS 0xdC03...384F is a UUPS proxy (implementation 0x1923...4102) with the Pause Proxy as ward; core contracts and all fee routing change by executive spell after 48h
- Distribution
- no public sale or airdrop for MKR: supply was created by the founder and Maker Foundation and sold privately or OTC (a16z bought 6% for $15M in Sep 2018; Paradigm and Dragonfly were reported buying 5.5% for $27.5M in Dec 2019); the Foundation was reported returning ~84,000 MKR to the DAO in 2021. 403.7M SKY (~1.7%) went to USDS users as farm rewards in 2024-25, later offset by a treasury burn
- Holders
- Ethplorer Oct 23, 2026: Staking Engine 43.7%, Chief 30.5%, MKR converter 8.6%; 16,726 direct holders. Largest economic holder: Stablecoin Development Corp (NYSE American: SDEV, formerly NovaBay Pharmaceuticals) with 2,286,511,374 SKY (~10%) at Jun 30, 2026, staked and voting, seeded in kind in Jan 2026 by R01 Fund, Framework Ventures, Tether and the Sky Frontier Foundation (Cayman), each with board or consent rights
- Liquidity
- CoinGecko Oct 23, 2026: $7.4M 24h volume (0.43% of market cap; 30-day median 0.85%, 90-day median 0.68%); largest venues Binance, Uniswap V2/V3/V4, Bybit, OKX, Kraken, Coinbase
- Institutional access
- no US spot ETF or ETF filing found on EDGAR; Grayscale MakerDao Trust (MKR) filed Form D on Aug 27, 2024 and D/A on Jan 3, 2025 (private placement, conversion to SKY not confirmed); SDEV offers listed-equity exposure; no European ETP verified
- Track record
- MKR ATL $168.36 (Mar 2020) after the 2018 top; ATH $6,292 (May 3, 2021), equal to $0.262 per SKY; SKY ATL $0.0358 (Feb 2, 2025) and ATH $0.1009 (Oct 5, 2026); price $0.0725 on Oct 23, 2026, +24% over one year. Black Thursday (Mar 12, 2020) zero-bid auctions left ~$5-8M of bad debt covered by MKR debt auctions; no core exploit of $50M+
- Provenance gaps
- off-chain reserve composition behind the $82.4M figure is not reconciled with the negative vow surplus; R01 Fund's principals are not disclosed in the filing; early 2015-2017 MKR sale records are incomplete; Grayscale trust status after the MKR retirement is unconfirmed
- Predecessor
- MKR (1 MKR = 24,000 SKY)
Sources (23)
- etherscan.io/token/0x56072c95faa701256059aa122697b133aded9279
- etherscan.io/address/0xA1Ea1bA18E88C381C724a75F23a130420C403f9a
- etherscan.io/address/0xBF7111F13386d23cb2Fba5A538107A73f6872bCF
- sourcify.dev/server/v2/contract/1/0xD889477102e8C4A857b78Fcc2…
- etherscan.io/address/0xBE8E3e3618f7474F8cB1d074A26afFef007E98FB
- etherscan.io/tx/0x93389082b75a9e278b6b2a2d7dde53618c38214b5d7…
- etherscan.io/tx/0x666eb7807c1b4098f9b91658eb008e8931063c5050e…
- chainlog.sky.money
- raw.githubusercontent.com/sky-ecosystem/executive-votes/main/…
- raw.githubusercontent.com/sky-ecosystem/executive-votes/main/…
- raw.githubusercontent.com/sky-ecosystem/executive-votes/main/…
- raw.githubusercontent.com/sky-ecosystem/executive-votes/main/…
- raw.githubusercontent.com/sky-ecosystem/executive-votes/main/…
- forum.skyeco.com/t/delayed-migration-penalty-update-september…
- vote.sky.money/delegates
- api.llama.fi/summary/fees/sky-lending
- api.llama.fi/summary/fees/sky-lending
- sagix.io/sky-two-engines
- dlnews.com/articles/defi/sky-slashes-buybacks-to-boost-reserv…
- sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1389545/000143774926032232/sdev20…
- efts.sec.gov/LATEST/search-index
- fortune.com/2018/10/01/crypto-ethereum-stablecoin-vc-andreess…
- coingecko.com/en/coins/sky
Compare with
How the ranking works and how SKY compares: see the full ranking. This entry as JSON:
GET https://tokens.10102.io/api/v1/tokenomics?symbol=SKY